The work [1] was carried out by researchers from Cancer Research UK's Centre for Cancer Therapeutics at The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), with the biotechnology company Piramed (now owned by Roche)*.
In this study, the team of scientists found that the drug reduced the growth of glioblastoma – the most common form of brain tumour – in mice by 98 per cent and decreased the growth of ovarian tumours in mice by 80 per cent. In separate investigations, scientists also found that the drug worked against a number of cell lines derived from other human cancers. The team used markers to show how the drug works by targeting the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3 kinase) pathway, which is known to be linked to the growth and spread of many cancers.
The drug works by blocking this pathway, which is often ‘hijacked’ in human cancers, enabling them to grow and spread. It corrects faulty genetic signals that cause unrestricted cancer progression, as well as preventing the function of cells in the body that support the tumour by increasing its essential blood supply – a process known as ‘angiogenesis’.
The researchers who conducted these laboratory studies believe that GDC-0941, licensed to Genentech by Piramed, might have potential in a wide range of human cancers. At Genentech, GDC-0941 has progressed into Phase I clinical trials in the UK and the USA.
The lead author of the article describing the preclinical lab studies, Professor Paul Workman, Director of the Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics at the ICR, said: ‘Our hope is that that we have created a potent anti-cancer weapon that directly targets the processes which feed the cancer cells while sparing most of the healthy cells. But it's early days and we still have a lot to learn about the potential of this drug. The next step is to see if the drug targets human cancers as effectively.’
*This work was carried out by the Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics and the start-up company Piramed, which was established by Cancer Research Technology (CRT), The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) and the Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research. Cancer Research UK has supported much of this work. The development of this drug is being carried out by Genentech, which licensed the drug from Piramed and is now owned by Roche.
References
1 Raynard, F. (2009) Biological properties of potent inhibitors of class I phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases: from P1-103 through P1-540, P1-620 to the oral agent GCD-0941. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics